A packet generator or packet builder is a type of software that generates random packets or allows the user to construct detailed custom packets. Depending on the network medium and operating system, packet generators utilize raw sockets, NDIS function calls, or direct access to the network adapter kernel-mode driver.
Seagull is a free, Open Source (GPL) multi-protocol traffic generator test tool. Primarily aimed at IMS (3GPP, TISPAN, CableLabs) protocols (and thus being the perfect complement to SIPp for IMS testing), Seagull is a powerful traffic generator for functional, load, endurance, stress and performance/benchmark tests for almost any kind of protocol.
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Harpoon is a flow-level traffic generator. It uses a set ofdistributional parameters that can be automatically extracted fromNetflow traces to generate flows that exhibit the same statisticalqualities present in measured Internet traces, including temporal andspatial characteristics. Harpoon can be used to generaterepresentative background traffic for application or protocol testing,or for testing network switching hardware. This manual begins bydescribing the architecture of Harpoon. Subsequent chapters describehow to effectively configure, run, and manage Harpoon.
The design objectives of Harpoon are (1) to scalably generateapplication-independent network traffic at the IP flow level, and(2) to be easily parameterized to create traffic that isstatistically identical to traffic measured at a given vantage pointin the Internet. Figure 1.1 @refdflow,,[High-level data flow diagram of Harpoon] depicts a high-level process flow of these objectives. We start with the basic definition of an IP flowand use this to create a constructive model for network trafficgeneration which we describe below.
@captionHigh-level data flow diagram of Harpoon.IP flow records are collected at a given vantage point in anoperational network using standard software like flow-tools.Key aspects of the live flows are extracted during aself-configuration step. These parameters are used to generatetraffic in a testbed that statistically matches the temporal (diurnal)volume characteristics as well as the spatial (source and destinationIP address frequency) characteristics of the live flows.@end float
In summary, the Harpoon model is made up of a combination of fivedistributional models for TCP sessions: file size, inter-connectiontime, source and destination IP ranges, number of active sessions. Thereare three distributional models for UDP sessions: constant bit-rate,periodic and exponential ping-pong. Each of these distributions canbe specified manually or, in the case of TCP traffic, extracted from packet traces or Netflow data collected at a live router. These models enable the workload generated by Harpoon to be application independent or to be tuned to a specific application. The models are combined in a constructive manner to create a series of file transfer requests that results in representative flow-level network traffic.The parameters for TCP sessions are summarized below:
For the client-side configuration file shown above, the destination addresspool is set to a single address of 127.0.0.1 - the loopback interface. This isn't particularly helpful, since we would like to generatetraffic over a network, not just through some operating system layers.This address pool is easily changed.
In the previous chapter, basic configuration of Harpoon was discussed,including configuration file validation, setting desired endpoint addresses,and tuning Harpoon to produce the desired traffic volume. This chapterfills in gaps from the previous chapter by discussing, in more detail,the structure of Harpoon configuration files (using the TCP trafficgenerator plugins as the basis for discussion), and the use of the self-configuration tools.
An identifier for this plugin. It must be unique for all incarnationsof a traffic generator module running under the control of a singleharpoon executable. That is, you must have separate tags defined for client and server portions of thesame traffic generator if they are running in the sameharpoon process. For example, for the client-side of a TCPplugin you might use the name "TCPClient" and for the server-sideyou might use "TCPServer".
This attribute should contain the value `server' or `client'.Harpoon is organized as a client-server application. This attributespecifies how the traffic generator named in the configuration file should behave, either as a client or as a server. More specifically, each pluginmodule has two code entrypoints: server_session and client_session. The entrypoint taken depends on this attribute.See Creating New Traffic Generation Modules for more details.
Within a element, you define the distribution dataused by the plugin. Depending on the "personality" of the plugin andon the particular traffic generator, different distributions may be required. For example, for the TCP client, file sizes are irrelevant since it is the server that generates files. Note that the config_validator tool does not assume that all distributions are required and checks only for the existence of distributions that make sense based on the configured personality.
Note that for all these examples, we have not specified any physical connections, any emulated round-trip times, routes, or the like. Theseconfiguration settings are outside the domain of Harpoon. You shouldset these parameters based on requirements for your tests. You shouldalso be aware that changing these network parameters (as opposed toapplication layer parameters in Harpoon) can make very significantdifferences in the nature of the generated traffic. Refer to theHarpoon technical paper for examples of such differences.
Note in the example below that the C symbol factory_generator is thesymbol for which harpoon searches. This function returns justreturns a new traffic generator object that implements the five specific entrypoints named above.
SIPp is a free Open Source test tool / traffic generator for the SIP protocol. It includes a few basic SipStone user agent scenarios (UAC and UAS) and establishes and releases multiple calls with the INVITE and BYE methods. It can also reads custom XML scenario files describing from very simple to complex call flows. It features the dynamic display of statistics about running tests (call rate, round trip delay, and message statistics), periodic CSV statistics dumps, TCP and UDP over multiple sockets or multiplexed with retransmission management and dynamically adjustable call rates.
The CT520 wireless traffic generator is an excellent choice for testing Access Points and other WiFi networks. The CT520 uses a modified Wireless driver for WiFi NICs based on the Atheros chipset. It can support up to 32 Virtual Stations. Each of the Virtual Stations has its own IP address, IP port space, MAC address and routing table. The Virtual Stations can be assigned to communicate to a particular Access Point, use a particular SSID, and have optional WPA2 key assigned. More advanced 802.1X authentication is also included. There is a single WiFi radio per CT520 but multiple LANforge systems can be clustered together for more realistic radio interference patterns and increased traffic generation capability. The radio supports 802.11 a, b, g or n mode. Transmit power and channel/frequency is configured on a per-radio basis. Most other settings are configurable per virtual station.
The CT521a-264-1ac-1n wireless traffic generator is an excellent choice for testing Access Points and other WiFi networks. The CT521a-264-1ac-1n uses a modified Wireless driver for WiFi NICs based on the Qualcomm/Atheros chipset. The ath9k (a/b/g/n) chipset NICs can support up to 200 stations per radio. The ath10k (a/b/g/n/ac) chipset NICs can support up to 64 stations per radio. Each of the Virtual Stations has its own IP address, IP port space, MAC address and routing table. The Virtual Stations can be assigned to communicate to a particular Access Point, use a particular SSID, and Open or WPA/WPA2 authentication assigned. More advanced 802.1X authentication is also included. Each radio can be configured independently of the other. Transmit power and channel/frequency is configured on a per-radio basis. Most other settings are configurable per virtual station.
The CT522-264-1ac2-1n wireless traffic generator is an excellent choice for testing Access Points and other WiFi networks. The CT522-264-1ac2-1n uses a modified Wireless driver for WiFi NICs based on the Qualcomm/Atheros chipset. The ath9k (a/b/g/n) chipset NICs can support up to 200 stations per radio. The ath10k (a/b/g/n/ac) chipset NICs can support up to 64 stations per radio. Each of the Virtual Stations has its own IP address, IP port space, MAC address and routing table. The Virtual Stations can be assigned to communicate to a particular Access Point, use a particular SSID, and Open or WPA/WPA2 authentication assigned. More advanced 802.1X authentication is also included. Each radio can be configured independently of the other. Transmit power and channel/frequency is configured on a per-radio basis. Most other settings are configurable per virtual station.
The CT523-600 wireless traffic generator is an excellent choice for testing Access Points and other WiFi networks. The CT523-600 uses a modified Wireless driver for WiFi NICs based on the Atheros chipset. It can support up to 600 Virtual Stations (Up to 200 per radio). Each of the Virtual Stations has its own IP address, IP port space, MAC address and routing table. The Virtual Stations can be assigned to communicate to a particular Access Point, use a particular SSID, and have a WEP (64 or 128bit) or WPA/WPA2 authentication assigned. More advanced 802.1X authentication is also included. There are three WiFi radios per CT523-600 and multiple LANforge systems may be clustered together for even more realistic radio interference patterns and traffic generation capability. Each radio can be configured independently of the other. Transmit power and channel/frequency is configured on a per-radio basis. Most other settings are configurable per virtual station. 2ff7e9595c
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